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<title>Cochrane Library</title>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Cochrane Library</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cochrane Library logo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Producer</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="Cochrane_(organisation)" title="Cochrane (organisation)">Cochrane</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Providers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Subscription with limited preview</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Coverage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disciplines</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Healthcare</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format coverage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Reviews</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geospatial coverage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cochranelibrary.com">www<wbr>.cochranelibrary<wbr>.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Cochrane Library</b> (named after <a href="Archie_Cochrane" title="Archie Cochrane">Archie Cochrane</a>) is a collection of <a href="Database" title="Database">databases</a> in medicine and other <a href="Health_care" title="Health care">healthcare</a> specialties provided by <a href="Cochrane_(organisation)" title="Cochrane (organisation)">Cochrane</a> and other organizations. At its core is the collection of <b>Cochrane Reviews</b>, a database of <a href="Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic reviews</a> and <a href="Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analyses</a> that summarize and interpret the results of medical research. The Cochrane Library aims to make the results of well-conducted <a href="Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> readily available and is a key resource in <a href="Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Access_and_use">Access and use</h2></div>

<p>The Cochrane Library is a subscription-based database, published initially by Update Software and now published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. as part of Wiley Online Library. In many countries, including parts of Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Scandinavian countries, New Zealand, Australia, India, South Africa, and Poland, it has been made available free to all residents by "national provision" (typically a government or Department of Health pays for the license). There are also arrangements for free access in much of Latin America and in "low-income countries", typically via <a href="HINARI" title="HINARI">HINARI</a>. All countries have free access to two-page abstracts of all Cochrane Reviews and short plain-language summaries of selected articles.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Cochrane Reviews appear to be relatively underused in the United States for two reasons:

1) Public access to the Cochrane Library in the United States is limited (the state of <a href="Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> is an exception, having paid for a license to enable free access to Cochrane Reviews for all residents of Wyoming).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

2) The government-funded <a href="U.S._National_Library_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Library of Medicine">U.S. National Library of Medicine</a> maintains an alternative database <a href="MEDLINE" title="MEDLINE">MEDLINE</a>, which is free of charge to everyone and has significantly more extensive coverage than Cochrane.

</p><p>From 26 March to 26 May 2020, the Cochrane Library provided temporary unrestricted access to everyone in every country in response to the <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2></div>

<p>The Cochrane Library consists of the following databases after significant changes in 2018:

</p>

<ul><li>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Reviews). Contains all the peer-reviewed systematic reviews and protocols (Cochrane Protocols) prepared by the Cochrane Review Groups.</li>

<li>The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). CENTRAL is a database that contains details of articles of controlled trials and other studies of healthcare interventions from bibliographic databases (majorly MEDLINE and EMBASE), and other published and unpublished sources that are difficult to access, including trials from the trial registries such as <a href="International_Clinical_Trials_Registry_Platform" title="International Clinical Trials Registry Platform">International Clinical Trials Registry Platform</a> (ICTRP) and <a href="ClinicalTrials.gov" title="ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, systematic reviewers need to search not only CENTRAL but also ICTRP and <a href="ClinicalTrials.gov" title="ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> to identify unpublished studies.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Cochrane Clinical Answers. These evidence summaries on a variety of questions of interest to healthcare professionals have a user-friendly presentation with graphics and high-level conclusions of the research evidence based on Cochrane Reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>The Cochrane Library now also features results from Special Collections and Editorials as well as an option to link out to other reviews compiled by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epistemonikos.org/">Epistemonikos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Protocols, and CENTRAL are produced by <a href="Cochrane_(organisation)" title="Cochrane (organisation)">Cochrane</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Cochrane_Database_of_Systematic_Reviews"><i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i></h2></div>

<div class="infobox-journal-search" style="display:none;"></div><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><i><span class="fn">The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</span></i></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;"><a href="Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">Edited</a> by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">Dr Karla Soares-Weiser</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;">Publication details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">1996–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Wiley</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">11.874 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;">Standard abbreviations<br><span class="infobox-journal-search " style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=The_Cochrane_Database_of_Systematic_Reviews">ISO 4</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/">alt</a>) <b>·</b> Bluebook (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/">alt</a>)<br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=2044-4702%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf">MathSciNet</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/search/journals.html?journalName=2044-4702&Submit=Search">alt</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Paid subscription required"></span></span>)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="ISO_4" title="ISO 4">ISO 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;"><i>Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;">Indexing<br><span class="infobox-journal-search " style="display:none;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=2044-4702">CODEN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=1469-493X">alt</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=titles&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=Cochrane+Library">alt2</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/journals/20444702">JSTOR</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=2044-4702&argType1=all&searchCode1=KNUM&searchType=2">LCCN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&argType1=all&searchCode1=KTIL&searchType=2">alt</a>)<br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miar.ub.edu/issn/2044-4702">MIAR</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=2044-4702%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/sources?sortField=citescore&sortDirection=desc&isHiddenField=false&field=issn&issn=2044-4702">Scopus</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://managementtools4.wlu.edu/LawJournals/">W&L</a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span class="value"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2044-4702">2044-4702</a></span> (print)<br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1469-493X">1469-493X</a> (web)<br></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="type"><a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/99039924">99039924</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The Cochrane reviews take the format of full-length methodological studies. Cochrane researchers will perform searches of medical and health databases including <a href="MEDLINE" title="MEDLINE">MEDLINE</a>/<a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>, <a href="EMBASE" class="mw-redirect" title="EMBASE">EMBASE</a>, <a href="PsycINFO" title="PsycINFO">PsycINFO</a>, <a href="CINAHL" title="CINAHL">CINAHL</a>, etc.; a continually updated database of trials called the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); hand searching, where researchers look through entire libraries of <a href="Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">scientific journals</a> by hand and; reference checking of obtained articles in order to identify additional studies that are relevant to the question they are attempting to answer. The quality of each study is carefully assessed using predefined criteria and evidence of weak methodology or the possibility that a study may have been affected by bias is reported in the review.

</p><p>Cochrane researchers then apply <a href="Statistical_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical analysis">statistical analysis</a> to compare the data of the trials. This creates a review of studies, or <a href="Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a>, giving a comprehensive view of the efficacy of a particular medical intervention. Finished reviews are available as a full report with diagrams, in condensed form or as a plain language summary, in order to provide for every reader of the review.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abstracting_and_indexing">Abstracting and indexing</h3></div>

<p>According to <i><a href="Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports">Journal Citation Reports</a></i>, <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> has a 2021 <a href="Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a> of 11.874, ranking 20th of 172 journals in the Medicine, General and Internal category, down from 11th in 2020 (167 journals).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reviews are <a href="Abstracted_and_indexed" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstracted and indexed">abstracted and indexed</a> in the following <a href="Bibliographic_databases" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographic databases">bibliographic databases</a>: <a href="Science_Citation_Index_Expanded" title="Science Citation Index Expanded">Science Citation Index Expanded</a>, <a href="Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a>, <a href="CINAHL" title="CINAHL">CINAHL</a>, <a href="EMBASE" class="mw-redirect" title="EMBASE">EMBASE</a>, <a href="MEDLINE" title="MEDLINE">MEDLINE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_comments">Academic comments</h3></div>

<p>The Cochrane Library Feedback tool allows users to provide comments on and feedback of Cochrane Reviews and Protocols in The Cochrane Library. If accepted, the feedback will be published in a scrolling list of comments in reverse chronological order, with the most recent submission at the top of the page.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Collaboration has a procedure for the event of serious error, an event which has only occurred once in its history.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supplements">Supplements</h3></div>

<p>Annual colloquia have been conducted by Cochrane since 1993. From 1994 onwards, Cochrane has maintained a database of posters and presentations of past colloquia. From 2009 onwards, Cochrane published the abstracts of those colloquia as supplements to the <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. From 2010 to 2016, an annual newsletter related to Cochrane methodology called <i>Cochrane Methods</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2044-4702">2044-4702</a>), was published as an annual supplement.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">List of academic databases and search engines</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cochranelibrary.com/help/access-options-for-cochrane-library.html">"Access options for the Cochrane Library"</a>. <i>Cochrane Library</i>. John Wiley & Sons, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGrimesHouLopezNanda2008" class="citation journal cs1">Grimes DA, Hou MY, Lopez LM, Nanda K (February 2008). "Do clinical experts rely on the Cochrane library?". <i>Obstet Gynecol</i>. <b>111</b> (2 Pt 1): <span class="nowrap">420–</span>2. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.AOG.0000300558.51373.ae">10.1097/01.AOG.0000300558.51373.ae</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18238981">18238981</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205384002">205384002</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cochrane.org/news/free-access-cochranes-covid-19-pandemic-resources-guaranteed">"Free access to Cochrane's COVID-19 pandemic resources guaranteed"</a>. <i>Cochrane</i>. The Cochrane Collaboration. 26 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/about/about-cochrane-library">"About the Cochrane Library | Cochrane Library"</a>. <i>cochranelibrary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecochranelibrary.com">The Cochrane Library</a> on Wiley Online</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cochrane.org/evidence">Abstracts and summaries of Cochrane Reviews</a>, free access</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625194639/http://www.update-software.com/history/clibhist.htm">The evolution of <i>The Cochrane Library</i>, 1988–2003</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd">The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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